He spent most of his life in the city of Alexandria in Egypt. ing of the Eratosthenes Seamount could clearly provide invaluable information regarding the oceanography and the tectonics of the east-ern Mediterranean in pre-Messinian time (McCoy and Mart, 1988; Robertson, 1992) Woodside (1977) also noted the occurrence of a 200-km-wide magnetic anomaly underneath the seamount. The first spot has to go to the man who coined the term geography, Eratosthenes (c. 275194 BC). Despite this, he did not believe in those projections, but in Toscanelli's, which stated that the earth was a third smaller. He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. He died in 194BC at 82 in Alexandria. The Greeks not only extended the horizon of geography from the Aegean Sea to Spain and Gaul, the Russian steppes in Central Asia, the Indus river in the east and Ethiopia in the south, but also put the subject on a sound footing by making remarkable contributions in the field of mathematical, physical, historical and regional geography. Eratosthenes, in full Eratosthenes of Cyrene, (born c. 276 bce, Cyrene, Libyadied c. 194 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet, who made the first measurement of the size of Earth for which any details are known. Definition. 3. It is believed that it was Eratosthenes' fame as a poet that attracted the attention of Ptolemy III Evergetes, who called him to Alexandria to tutor his son, as well as offering him a position as director of the city library. He had become blind in his old age and could no longer work by 195 BCE. Some time ago he had gone blind from cataracts and is believed to have committed suicide by starvation. Some people believe that Eratosthenes starved himself to death on purpose after going blind. Plutarch's similar discussion claiming that Alexander ignored. Cnidus, 342337 BC), Greek mathematician and astronomer who significantly advanced proportion theory, contributed to the identification of constellations in the Greek world and thus the development of observational astronomy, and created the first sophisticated, geometrical model of celestial motion. He returned to Cyrene and made such a name for himself in scholarly endeavors that the Greek ruler of Egypt brought him to Alexandria to tutor his son. Geography is derived from the Greek words geo (the Earth in its broadest sense) and graphos (graphos (graphy), which means to write about. To write about the Earth in a literal sense. Several astronomers and mathematicians before and after Eratosthenes tried to accurately measure the circumference of the Earth, but is was Eratosthenes that came through. It comes from the Old English words eor(th)e and ertha. As a young man, he traveled to Athens to pursue his studies. ". Eratosthenes was the founder of scientific chronology;[5] he used Egyptian and Persian records to estimate the dates of the main events of the mythical Trojan War, dating the sack of Troy to 1183 BC. Eratosthenes was a famous mathematician who developed latitude and longitude as a way to measure the Earth. Ben-Avraham et al. Guillaumin (eds.). At Syene (now Aswn), some 800 km (500 miles) southeast of Alexandria in Egypt, the Suns rays fall vertically at noon at the summer solstice. He developed systems of latitudes and longitudes and ascertained accurate length of equator using Gnomon. Eratosthenes was a lover of the theater and wrote a series of twelve books which he titled Old Comedy. He was the founder of Geography and holds the credit to calculate the circumference of the Earth. He was the founder of Geography and holds the credit to . That is why he thought that he would arrive in Asia on his journey and did not realize that a new continent had arrived. Learn everything about the Oceanography from scratch and become a master of this topic with quiz based flashcards. Eratosthenes calculates circumference of Earth, invents latitude and longitude 230 B.C. Ptolemy made contributions to astronomy, mathematics, geography, musical theory, and optics. Several astronomers and mathematicians tried to accurately measure the circumference of the Earth before and after Eratosthenes, but it was Eratosthenes who succeeded. Eratosthenes noted that at Alexandria, at the same date and time, sunlight fell at an angle of about 7.2 from the vertical. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Eratosthenes was the first person to use the word "geography" and other geographical terms that are still in use today, and his efforts to calculate the circumference of the Earth and the distance from the Earth to the Sun paved the way for our modern understanding of the cosmos. According to Strabo, Eratosthenes argued against the Greek-Barbarian dichotomy. A Tradition of Exploration Norwegian pioneers throughout history The Viking Age From 800 to 1066 AD, the Vikings journeyed in their longships to explore and establish trade around Europe. The pecialized text They are thoe that contain a vocabulary and terminology pecific to a certain branch of knowledge. Who succeeded Eratosthenes as the chief librarian of Alexandria? Eratosthenes was a man of many talents. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BCE192 or 194 BCE) was an ancient Greek mathematician, poet, and astronomer who is known as the father of geography. [8], The son of Aglaos, Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in Cyrene. Eratosthenes, in full Eratosthenes of Cyrene, (born c. 276 bce, Cyrene, Libyadied c. 194 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet, who made the first measurement of the size of Earth for which any details are known. [17] In his three-volume work Geography (Greek: Geographika), he described and mapped his entire known world, even dividing the Earth into five climate zones:[18] two freezing zones around the poles, two temperate zones, and a zone encompassing the equator and the tropics. [23] Strabo says that Eratosthenes was wrong to claim that Alexander had disregarded the counsel of his advisers. The famous geographer and chief librarian at Alexandria Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BCE - 194 BCE) also referenced Pytheas in a treatise that, like On the Ocean, has been lost but that was widely circulated in the ancient world. He was a renowned mathematician, poet, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist. By this they meant to say that Eratosthenes was second best in all areas, as he never wanted to specialize in any. Even though they were worriors, they had a huge impact on Oceanography today. establishing a center of the study of marine science and navigation on Portugal What did Eratosthenes of Cyrene contribute to marine science and why is it important? The suns rays are parallel, and the earth is round. (40,000 miles). Eratosthenes who made observations at Syene (Aswan) and Alexandria calculated the circumference of the earth as 250,000 stadia (25,000 miles). He developed Read more. He drew the meridian through Alexandria, Syene, Rhodes and the mouth of Boresthenes (Dniester). A polymath who served as librarian at Alexandria and tutor to the future King Ptolemy IV, Eratosthenes created the terminology of . The multiples of a given prime are generated starting from that prime, as a sequence of numbers with the same difference, equal to that prime, between consecutive numbers. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Greeks-create Maps of Med. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Another of his great contributions to geography was the study and map that he made of the route of the Nile River from Khartoum, in which he included the Ethiopian tributaries. Earth Science Oceanography: An Invitation To Marine Science, Loose-leaf Versin How did the Library of Alexandria contribute to the development of marine science? When You Breathe In Your Diaphragm Does What. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The first book of "Geography" contained a summary of existing geographical work and Eratosthenes' speculations about the nature of the planet Earth. The numbers from one to 400 are written in a table, with the numbers one to 20 across the top row. Youll get a, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. This algorithm is known in mathematics as the Sieve of Eratosthenes. Given an estimate of the distance between the two cities, he was able to calculate the circumference of Earth, obtaining 250,000 stadia. How did the Egyptians contribute to oceanography? He did this by observing the Moon during a lunar eclipse and by estimating the angle and the size of the Earth. 285-205 BC) invented the discipline of geography as we understand it. His writings included a poem inspired by astronomy, as well as works on the theatre and on ethics. Eratosthenes was born in approximately 276 BC. Notable explorations were undertaken by the Greeks, the Romans, the Polynesians, the Phoenicians, Phytheas, Herodotus, the Vikings, the Portuguese and Muslims. Why is Eratosthenes called the father of geography? He created one of the earliest maps of the known world between 276-195 BC, but his greatest contribution was the concept of latitude and longitude. Book Collection Nonfiction: High School Edition. Term. Morris, Terry R. "Eratosthenes of Cyrene." Eratosthenes is most famous for making the first accurate measurement of the circumference of the Earth. He invented a system of latitude and longitude and he also might have calculated the distance from earth to the sun and invented the leap day. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (/ r t s n i z /; Greek: [eratostns]; c. 276 BC - c. 195/194 BC) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist.He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria.His work is comparable to what is now known as the study of geography, and he . Eratosthenes made many important contributions to science and mathematics. He reportedly fell into despair, and he is said to have committed suicide by voluntary starvation in 194 as a result. Was nicknamed Beta by other Greeks of his time, in reference to the second letter of the alphabet. Arsinoe (a biography of Queen Arsinoe, wife and sister of Ptolemy IV). . Corrections? Contributions of Greeks in the field of Physical Geography: The Greeks made remarkable development in the field of physical geography. [1] However, his Geography has been lost to history, although fragments of the work can be pieced together from other great historians like Pliny, Polybius, Strabo, and Marcianus. Eratosthenes now continued from his knowledge about the Earth. Eratosthenes was an Ancient Greek scientist born in the town of Cyrene in about 276 BC. With these data (length of the shadow and length of the rod), Eratosthenes calculated the angle of the sun's rays in 1/50 of a circumference. What Is Fast Acquisition Corp. . Eratosthenes calculated the Earths circumference, and invented the latitude/longitude system. Definition. He accurately depicted the Niles route to Khartoum, as well as the two Ethiopian tributaries. He says Alexander ignored his advisers by his regard for all people with law and government. The first spot has to go to the man who coined the term geography, Eratosthenes (c.275-194 BC). Rist, J.M. In Athens he met so many philosophers that he was both amazed and overwhelmed. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved establishing a center for the study of marine science and navigation in Portugal. He described the geography of the world into two parts: (i) Europa, and (ii) Libya (Africa including Asia). Their achievements in climatology, oceanography, geomorphology, linear measurements, determination of cardinal points, limits of habitable world, sprawl of continents and oceans are highly appreciable. This makes Hipparchus the founder of trigonometry. Oceanography ch2 questionWho is responsible for the first measurement of the circumference of the earth? 2, 1977. Eratosthenes went to Athens to further his studies. He also studied under the head of the Platonic Academy, who was Arcesilaus of Pitane. The Handy Geography Answer Book traces the history of geography from Eratosthenes and Alexander von Humboldt to latitude and longitude, and the latest advances in the Global Positioning System (GPS). The Greek astronomer Eratosthenes becomes the first person to determine the circumference of the Earth. % complete Woocommerce Customization Tutorial, The two cities used were Alexandria and Syene (modern Aswan), and the distance between the cities was measured by professional bematists. Eratosthenes's main interest in youth was philosophy and that vocation led him to Athens at the age of 15. Hutchinson's Biography Database 1. Eratosthenes of Cyrene, an ancient Greek mathematician and astronomer, was the first to use the word Geography (Greek: Geographika). First maps showing water (river charts) 3800 B.C. Eckerman, C. (2011). He was the first prose writer. The HMS Challenger originally was designed as a British warshipa steam corvette in the Royal Navyoutfitted with 17 guns and an engine capable of over 1,200 horsepower. What was the major contribution of Ptolemy? He made a catalog of 675 stars. He reportedly fell into despair, and he is said to have committed suicide by voluntary starvation in 194 as a result. Under Ptolemaic rule the economy prospered, based largely on the export of horses and silphium, a plant used for rich seasoning and medicine. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes (Greek: ), one of a number of prime number sieves, is a simple, ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. He lived from 276 to 194 B.C. Cyrene was absorbed into the Ptolemaic monarchy of Egypt, which ruled from Alexandria, the cultural and commercial center of the Mediterranean. 1. The name Earth is an English/German name which simply means the ground. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 18:23. He divided the earth into 5 climatic zones: the frozen poles, under them two temperate zones and in the center a tropical belt that bordered the equator. The son of Aglaos, Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in Cyrene. Eratosthenes measured Earths circumference mathematically using two surface points to make the calculation. As a young man, Eratosthenes studied in Athens. There is no distinction between the usages. Eratosthenes was called The Father Of Geography, since he was very knowledgeable about the earth. James Rennell has been dubbed the Father of Indian Geography, as well as the Father of Oceanography for his pioneering work on oceanography. Eratosthenes used longitude in his maps, though the lines were placed irregularly so that they could pass through important landmarks. He found the circumference of the Earth to be nearly 250,000 stadia (25,000 miles). He created one of the earliest maps of the known world between 276-195 BC, but his greatest contribution was the concept of latitude and longitude. Defending the theory that vision is due to a flow emanating from the eye, Ptolemy analyzed the reflection of light on flat and spherical mirrors, and its refraction when it crosses the surface between two transparent media. His mathematical work is known principally from the writings of the Greek geometer Pappus of Alexandria, and his geographical work from the first two books of the Geography of the Greek geographer Strabo. Princeton University Press, 2013. Using the precise data that Tycho had collected, Kepler discovered that the orbit of Mars was an ellipse. Aristotle was a friend of Eratosthenes and collaborated with the mathematical calculations for the creation of the mesolabe. He also calculated the tilt axis of the Earth. Eratosthenes was well acquainted with the extent of the Red sea, which he described as extending for about 9000 stadia (900 miles) from the head of Gulf of Suez to the Bab-al-Mandab. He lived in Athens until Ptolemy Evergetes, the king of Egypt, commissioned Eratosthenes to run the Library of Alexandria, which became the most important center of knowledge in the region. salinity, waves, tides and winds. He accepted the three continents (Europe, Asia, and Libya) and five climatic zones (one torrid zone, two temperate zones, and two frigid zones), [2] The term geography was first coined by Eratosthenese. Humboldt and Kant. As head of the library Eratosthenes tutored the children of Ptolemy, including Ptolemy IV Philopator who became the fourth Ptolemaic pharaoh. However, he assumed that Siena was right over the Tropic of Cancer, a fact that was incorrect. Although these tables have not survived, it is claimed that twelve books of tables of chords were written by Hipparchus. Christopher Columbus was one of those who studied the work of Eratosthenes. He sketched, quite accurately, the route of the Nile to Khartoum, showing the two Ethiopian tributaries. Looked for continent - found New Zealand, Great barrier reef, numerous small islands He also measured the degree of obliquity of the ecliptic (in effect, the tilt of Earths axis) and wrote a treatise on the octateris, an eight-year lunar-solar cycle. [2], Eratosthenes believed there was both good and bad in every nation and criticized Aristotle for arguing that humanity was divided into Greeks and barbarians, as well as for arguing that the Greeks should keep themselves racially pure. Around 255BC, he invented the armillary sphere. He worked in geography to try to figure out why the Nile river had such a regular flood pattern, and hypothesized that it was because of heavy rain upstream. Eratosthenes Of Cyrene 13. Moreover, he conceived the peninsula of India Pointing towards the south-west, instead of south. On the basis of this About 150 years later, Eratosthenes (264-194 B.C.) [6] He wrote Chronographies, a text that scientifically depicted dates of importance, beginning with the Trojan War. Atlantic Ocean- long, narrow, parrallel sides 68% of freshwater runs into it. Thu, the different type of pecialized text will vary according to the ubject and p All Rights Reserved warbletoncouncil.org - 2023. : 3373 , 02-3298322 A . He is best known for being the first person known to calculate the circumference of the Earth, which he did by using the extensive survey results he could access in his role at the Library; his calculation was remarkably accurate. The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. An account of Eratosthenes method is preserved in the Greek astronomer Cleomedes Meteora. Eratosthenes' is believed to be the first person to attempt a determination of the size of the Earth through measurement. It does so by iteratively marking as composite, i.e., not prime, the multiples of each prime, starting with the multiples of 2. Contribution of Greeks to Mathematical and Physical Geography! The first spot has to go to the man who coined the term geography, Eratosthenes (c. 275-194 BC). He could then use simple proportions to find the Earths circumference 7.2 degrees is 1/50 of 360 degrees, so 800 times 50 equals 40,000 kilometers. This is the sieve's key distinction from using trial division to sequentially test each candidate number for divisibility by each prime. He is also regarded as the Father of Geography.. Eratosthenes (276 BC - 194 BC) was an Ancient Greek scientist and philosopher who did work in astronomy, geometry, geography, mathematics, as well as poetry and history. The [] Lived c. 276 BC - c. 194 BC. He also claimed that the rivers source was lakes. a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude . Eratosthenes (c. 276194 bce), who had prepared a map of the Nile valley southward to the latitude of modern Khartoum, anticipated the correct answer when he reported that heavy rains had been observed to fall in the upper reaches of the river and that these History at your fingertips Oceanography Chapter 1 Oceanography Oceanus would be a better name for Earth, since oceans cover 70% surface (most major cities, resources, etc. The ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes is dubbed the father of geography. He was the first to use the word geography, and he also had a small-scale understanding of the planet that helped him determine the earths circumference. He was appointed as the Librarian of the Library of Alexandria-the post of highest academic honour of that period. Ptolemy studied the reflection of light on flat and spherical mirrors as well as its refraction when it crosses the surface between two transparent media, defending the theory that vision is caused by a flow emanating from the eye. Homers Iliad and The Odyssey were thought to be the first books on the subject. 2. Eratosthenes contributions to Mathematics are very notable and well known. He wrote on many topics geography, mathematics, philosophy, chronology, literary criticism, grammar, poetry, and even old comedies. This meant that if he continued the light waves at Alexandria and the light waves at Syene, they would meet at a 7.2 degree angle at the center of the earth. Technology such as electronics and space travel have provided important contributions to oceanography. He is also recognized for his mathematical innovation, the Sieve of Eratosthenes, which identified prime numbers, and his position as head of the . It is thought that Eratosthenes may also have been a pupil of Callimachus. Calculated the Earth's circumference: 40,000 km (24,840 mi) More precise, modern measurement: 40,032 km (24,860 mi) Eratosthenes' most famous contribution to science was his calculation of the circumference of the Earth, which he completed while working on the second volume of his "Geography.". Alexander the Great conquered Cyrene in 332 BC, and following his death in 323 BC, its rule was given to one of his generals, Ptolemy I Soter, the founder of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. Born: c. 276 BCE in Cyrene (present-day Libya) Died: 192 or 196 BCE in Alexandria, Egypt Early Life Eratosthenes was born around 276 BCE in a Greek colony in Cyrene, a territory located in present-day Libya. These works and his great poetic abilities led the pharaoh Ptolemy III Euergetes to seek to place him as a librarian at the Library of Alexandria in the year 245 BC. He acquired works such as the great dramas of Aeschylus and Euripides. The contributions of eratosthenes. He did not use the mythological descriptions that were common at the time, but relied on military texts to carry out his work. He studied astronomy, geography, and math. Eratosthenes Lived c. 276 BC - c. 194 BC. He invented Syene (near today's Aswan) is located some 800 km up the Nile river from Alexandria very close to the tropic of Cancer (2327'N), so at the time of the summer solstice the Sun's rays fall vertically down on Syrene at noon. Eratosthenes united and organized in this work different information that he found in the Library of Alexandria. are near the ocean) Life began in the ocean 4 billion years before present Stayed there for over 3 billion years before venturing out onto the surface Take notes about his accomplishments. Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity. Eratosthenes is famous for making the first good measurement of the size of the Earth. The authors' texts have always been recognized for their readability, currency, dynamic art program, delivery of basic principles and instructor flexibility. Eratosthenes introduced latitude and longitude. III. However, it was in geography where he proved to be more skillful for he was one of the greatest of all ancient geographers. In 1870, Dr. C. Wyville Thomson suggested that the Royal Society of London ask the British government for the use of one of its ships for an extended . What makes the scientific discipline of geography different from other science disciplines is its emphasis on space, place, and connection. Contributions of Greeks in the field of Physical Geography: The Greeks made remarkable development in the field of physical geography. His major work is 'Ges-periods' which is the first systematic description of the world. Among the ancient Greek scholars Herodotus, Plato, Aristotle, Eratosthenes is the chief ones. Archimedes is regarded as one of the most notable Greek mathematicians. With the parallels and meridians, Eratosthenes located the known countries and cities. The Arabs were the great contributors in the field of mathematical, physical and regional geography. The psychological effects of incarceration: what goes on in the minds of prisoners? For other uses, see. Besides navigation, Eratosthenes also measured the Earths circumference fairly well. Despite his great contributions to science, his work was not replicated by many others, apparently because he did not get enough students to pass on his discoveries and theories. Eratosthenes (264-194 B.C.) Eratosthenes may have been the first to use the word geography. To calculate the circumference of the earth Eratosthenes used a method that has been used until our time, this consists of measuring a meridian. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. He became famous for being the first to calculate, with considerable precision, the circumference of the earth. Digital Radiography Technique, He sketched, quite accurately, the route of the Nile to Khartoum, showing the two Ethiopian tributaries. Geographys History. He made maps, both of the world and sky and is said to have made a map that included 675 stars. He remained the librarian for about 40 years till his death. Using his discoveries and knowledge of its size and shape, he began to sketch it. Modern Geographys founder, Alexander von Humboldt. Eratosthenes, in full Eratosthenes of Cyrene, (born c. 276 bce, Cyrene, Libyadied c. 194 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet, who made the first measurement of the size of Earth for which any details are known. [6] His devotees nicknamed him Pentathlos after the Olympians who were well rounded competitors, for he had proven himself to be knowledgeable in every area of learning. Eratosthenes was born in Cyrene which is now in Libya in North Africa. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Ptolemy III was not moved only by his interest in the work of Eratosthenes, but also by political motives. The word for a, Sulfates and Halides Gypsum is known in Colorado for mining gypsum, a mineral used in the construction of wallboard. 22, No. Eratosthenes made calculations in which he discovered that in a year there were 365 days and every four years there were 366 days. He created a method known as the Siege of Eratosthenes by which he calculated the prime numbers. Business Opportunities (5) . I. Eratosthenes made maps, both of the world and sky and is said to have made a map that includes 675 stars. Then numbers that are not prime are discarded. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2010. The Greeks made tremendous advancements in the fields of geomorphology, climatology and oceanography. Eratosthenes had a significant impact on geography. His prime number sieve provided a simple way for Greek mathematicians (and frustrated modern students!) He could then use simple proportions to find the Earths circumference 7.2 degrees is 1/50 of 360 degrees, so 800 times 50 equals 40,000 kilometers. Geography is the study of Earths natural environment and human society, as well as how society and nature interact. Events Egyptian trade on nile 4000 B.C. He was the founder of Geography and holds the credit to calculate the circumference of the Earth. Phoenicians (from what is now Syria and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and Africa; 2000BC 2. Eratosthenes (276 BC - 194 BC) was an Ancient Greek scientist and philosopher who did work in astronomy, geometry, geography, mathematics, as well as poetry and history. Eratosthenes created a whole section devoted to the examination of Homer, and acquired original works of great tragic dramas of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. In the text, he described the inhabited earth and the people who lived there. He worked in geography to try to figure out why the Nile river had such a regular flood pattern, and hypothesized that it was because of heavy rain upstream. Marcotte, D. (1998). He conceived the subcontinent of India to be of rhomboidal form and supposed the range of Imaus (Himalayas) which he said extended from west to east, to have made the boundary of India. He concluded that the circumference of the earth was about 50 times greater than the distance from Alexandria to Aswan. One of the main contributions of Eratosthenes to science and astronomy was his important work regarding They helped find new colonies, explored some of North America and were great navigators. 2011. So, he measured the angle of elevation during the same period and at the same time in Alexandria with the help of a gnomon. His prime number sieve made it simple for Greek mathematicians (and now-frustrated modern students!) Earlier estimates of the circumference of Earth had been made (for example, Aristotle says that some mathematicians had obtained a value of 400,000 stadia), but no details of their methods have survived. Vol. Eratosthenes made major contributions to geography. This method consisted of creating a table with natural numbers between 2 and the desired quantity. In his work Geographika, Eratosthenes described and made maps of the known territories. As a young man, Eratosthenes studied in Athens. It allows scientists to pinpoint specific locations using a system of degrees.
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